Introduction

• Overview of oral and maxillofacial surgery as a specialty.
• Functional and aesthetic aspects of the oral and maxillofacial region.

Anatomy

• Cranial Nerves:
  • Detailed descriptions of all 12 cranial nerves and their relevance to dentistry.
  • Importance of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) in dental procedures.
• Circulatory System:
  • Blood supply to the head and neck.
  • Key arteries and veins, including the maxillary artery and pterygoid venous plexus.
• Lymphatic System:
  • Overview of lymph node drainage in the head and neck region.

Medical History and Vitals

• Factors affecting operative risk.
• Normal ranges for vital signs and complete blood count (CBC).
• ASA Physical Classification system for assessing patient risk.

Anesthetics and Pain Control

• Pain Mechanisms:
  • Somatic, visceral, neuropathic, and psychogenic pain.
• Anesthetic Pharmacology:
  • Mechanism of action of local anesthetics.
  • Types of local anesthetics (amides vs. esters).
  • Dosage calculations and factors affecting anesthetic efficacy.
• Local Anesthesia Techniques:
  • Techniques for mandibular and maxillary blocks.
  • Complications of local anesthesia.
• Sedation and General Anesthesia:
  • Stages of general anesthesia.
  • Nitrous oxide and intravenous anesthetics.
  • Contraindications and complications.

Exodontia (Tooth Extractions)

• Indications and contraindications for extractions.
• Management of impacted teeth and pericoronitis.
• Surgical armamentarium and extraction techniques.
• Post-operative care and complications (e.g., dry socket, bleeding).

Implant Surgery

• Alveolar bone augmentation techniques (e.g., sinus lifts, bone grafts).
• Principles of osseointegration.
• Implant placement protocols and contraindications.

Maxillofacial Trauma

• Classification of fractures (e.g., mandibular, Le Fort, ZMC, orbital blowout).
• Diagnosis, imaging, and treatment approaches.
• Orthognathic surgical techniques and complications.

Maxillofacial Surgery

• Biopsy Techniques:
  • Incisional, excisional, aspiration, and punch biopsies.
• Management of Tori:
  • Indications for removal and surgical techniques.
• Sialolithiasis:
  • Diagnosis and treatment of salivary gland stones.
• Cleft Lip and Palate:
  • Classification and surgical management.

Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction (TMD)

• Anatomy of the TMJ.
• Types of TMD (e.g., myofascial pain, disc displacement, degenerative joint disease).
• Diagnostic techniques and imaging.
• Reversible and irreversible treatment options.

Infections

• Odontogenic Infections:
  • Spread of infection via fascial spaces.
  • Ludwig’s angina and cavernous sinus thrombosis.
• Management of Infections:
  • Antibiotic therapy (empiric and prophylaxis).
  • Common pathogens and their characteristics.

Medical Emergencies

• Recognition and management of emergencies in a dental setting:
  • Syncope, orthostatic hypotension, and vasovagal syncope.
  • Acute asthma attacks and anaphylaxis.
  • Cardiac emergencies (e.g., angina, myocardial infarction).
  • Hypoglycemia and Addisonian crisis.
• CPR Guidelines:
  • DRS ABCD approach for resuscitation.

Wound Management and Healing

• Phases of wound and bone healing.
• Primary vs. secondary intention healing.
• Aseptic techniques and suture placement.

Additional Topics

• Maxillofacial Pathologies:
  • Cysts and tumors.
  • Treatment options (enucleation, marsupialization, resection).
• Special Considerations:
  • Pregnant and immunocompromised patients.
  • Prevention of complications (e.g., dry socket, nerve injury).