Pediatric Dentistry: Free INBDE Prep Course

Tooth Development in Children

The Tooth Development in Children INBDE lesson will cover these topics in depth:

• Initiation (Bud Stage): Begins in the 6th week of embryonic development. Issues can lead to missing teeth, supernumerary teeth, fusion, or gemination.
• Proliferation (Cap Stage): Formation of enamel epithelium. Disruptions can cause cysts, odontomas, or supernumerary teeth.
• Histodifferentiation and Morphodifferentiation (Bell Stage): Differentiation of odontoblasts and ameloblasts. Faults result in structural issues like amelogenesis or dentinogenesis imperfecta.
• Apposition and Calcification: Matrix deposition and mineralization. Interruptions can cause hypoplasia, hypocalcification, or tetracycline staining.
• Calcification times and eruption sequences are critical for diagnosing developmental issues.
• Primary teeth calcify in the sequence: Central → First Molar → Lateral → Canine → Second Molar.
• Permanent teeth calcify and erupt in specific mandibular and maxillary sequences.

Tooth Anatomy and Characteristics

The Tooth Anatomy and Characteristics INBDE lesson will cover these topics in depth:

• Primary teeth have thinner enamel, larger pulp chambers, and shorter roots, making them more prone to decay and pulpal exposure.
• Differences in enamel rod orientation and crown-to-root ratios affect treatment approaches.
• Each tooth type has unique anatomical characteristics, such as cusp patterns and occlusal outlines.

Dental Abnormalities in Children

The Dental Abnormalities in Children INBDE lesson will cover these topics in depth:

• Supernumerary Teeth: Commonly associated with syndromes like Apert’s or Down syndrome.
• Hypodontia/Oligodontia/Anodontia: Missing teeth, often linked to genetic conditions like ectodermal dysplasia.
• Issues like fusion, gemination, macrodontia, and microdontia can affect aesthetics and function.
• Discoloration can result from systemic conditions (e.g., porphyria, cystic fibrosis) or medications (e.g., tetracycline).
• Enamel hypoplasia, hypocalcification, and genetic conditions like amelogenesis or dentinogenesis imperfecta impact tooth structure and durability.

Common Pediatric Conditions

The Common Pediatric Conditions INBDE lesson will cover these topics in depth:

• Conditions like herpetic gingivostomatitis, herpangina, measles, and candidiasis are common in children and require palliative or antifungal treatments.
• Gingivitis, puberty gingivitis, and acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) are common, often linked to poor oral hygiene or systemic factors.
• Techniques like “Tell-Show-Do,” positive reinforcement, and sedation are used to manage children’s behavior during dental visits.

Restorative Dentistry for Children

The Restorative Dentistry for Children INBDE lesson will cover these topics in depth.

• Early childhood caries (ECC) is a significant concern, often linked to sugary diets and poor oral hygiene.
• Preventive measures include fluoride varnish, proper brushing techniques, and dietary counseling.
• Stainless steel crowns are the gold standard for posterior primary teeth with extensive decay.
• Composite restorations are preferred for anterior teeth or small lesions.
• Options include pulp capping, pulpotomy, and pulpectomy, depending on the extent of pulpal involvement.

Pediatric Trauma Management

The Pediatric Trauma Management INBDE lesson will cover these topics in depth:

• Includes concussions, luxations, intrusions, extrusions, and avulsions.
• Treatment varies based on the type and severity of the injury, with splinting often required for permanent teeth.
• Trauma can lead to pulpal necrosis, resorption, or ankylosis, requiring careful follow-up and management.

Fluoride and Toxicity

The Fluoride and Toxicity INBDE lesson will cover these topics in depth:

• Fluoride is essential for caries prevention, enhancing enamel resistance and inhibiting bacterial activity.
• Excessive fluoride intake can cause fluorosis or toxicity, with symptoms like nausea and abdominal pain.
• Systemic fluoride supplementation is recommended only when water fluoride levels are insufficient.

Anesthesia and Sedation in Pediatrics

The Anesthesia and Sedation in Pediatrics INBDE lesson will cover these topics in depth:

• Dosages are calculated based on weight, with 2% lidocaine being the safest option for children.
• Techniques vary for maxillary and mandibular teeth, with nerve blocks and infiltrations commonly used.
• Used for conscious sedation to reduce anxiety and pain perception.
• Proper oxygenation post-procedure prevents diffusion hypoxia.
• Chloral hydrate and benzodiazepines are occasionally used for sedation in pediatric patients.

Behavioral and Developmental Disorders

The Behavioral and Developmental Disorders INBDE lesson will cover these topics in depth:

• Conditions like ADHD, autism, and craniofacial syndromes (e.g., Treacher Collins, Crouzon syndrome) require tailored approaches to dental care.
• Behavioral management and sedation may be necessary for successful treatment.

Final Assessment and Review

• • Case studies and clinical scenarios
  • Exam-style multiple-choice questions
  • Practice applying differential diagnoses and treatment